Biology

Biology

What is the basic unit of life?

• A) Tissue
• B) Organ
• C) Cell
• D) Molecule
• Answer: C) Cell
• Explanation: The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, often called the building block of life.

Which of the following is the powerhouse of the cell?

• A) Ribosome
• B) Endoplasmic Reticulum
• C) Nucleus
• D) Mitochondria
• Answer: D) Mitochondria
• Explanation: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they produce energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.

What is the genetic material in most living organisms?

• A) RNA
• B) DNA
• C) Protein
• D) Lipid
• Answer: B) DNA
• Explanation: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) contains the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms.

Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxifying chemicals and metabolizing drugs?

• A) Kidney
• B) Liver
• C) Pancreas
• D) Spleen
• Answer: B) Liver
• Explanation: The liver detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.

What is the process by which plants make their food using sunlight?

• A) Respiration
• B) Transpiration
• C) Photosynthesis
• D) Fermentation
• Answer: C) Photosynthesis
• Explanation: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.

Which blood cells are responsible for fighting infections?

• A) Red Blood Cells
• B) White Blood Cells
• C) Platelets
• D) Plasma Cells
• Answer: B) White Blood Cells
• Explanation: White blood cells (leukocytes) are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

• A) Vitamin A
• B) Vitamin D
• C) Vitamin C
• D) Vitamin K
• Answer: C) Vitamin C
• Explanation: Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, which means it dissolves in water and is not stored by the body, thus requiring regular intake through diet.

What is the main function of red blood cells?

• A) To fight infections
• B) To clot blood
• C) To carry oxygen
• D) To produce antibodies
• Answer: C) To carry oxygen
• Explanation: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and carries it from the lungs to the tissues and organs of the body.

What is the smallest bone in the human body?

• A) Stapes
• B) Femur
• C) Tibia
• D) Radius
• Answer: A) Stapes
• Explanation: The stapes, located in the middle ear, is the smallest bone in the human body.

Which organ system is responsible for transporting nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells and removing metabolic wastes?

• A) Respiratory System
• B) Digestive System
• C) Circulatory System
• D) Nervous System
• Answer: C) Circulatory System
• Explanation: The circulatory system, consisting of the heart, blood, and blood vessels, is responsible for the transport of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body.

Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?

• A) Cerebrum
• B) Cerebellum
• C) Medulla
• D) Hypothalamus
• Answer: B) Cerebellum
• Explanation: The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech.

What is the main function of the large intestine?

• A) Digestion of food
• B) Absorption of nutrients
• C) Absorption of water and electrolytes
• D) Production of bile
• Answer: C) Absorption of water and electrolytes
• Explanation: The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter and transmit the useless waste material from the body.

Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?

• A) Adrenaline
• B) Thyroxine
• C) Insulin
• D) Estrogen
• Answer: C) Insulin
• Explanation: Insulin, produced by the pancreas, regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into tissues.

Which process is used by cells to divide and create identical daughter cells?

• A) Mitosis
• B) Meiosis
• C) Binary Fission
• D) Budding
• Answer: A) Mitosis
• Explanation: Mitosis is a type of cell division in which one cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells.

What type of symbiotic relationship benefits both organisms involved?

• A) Parasitism
• B) Commensalism
• C) Mutualism
• D) Competition
• Answer: C) Mutualism
• Explanation: In mutualism, both organisms involved benefit from the relationship. For example, bees and flowers have a mutualistic relationship.

Which of the following is a function of the kidneys?

• A) Regulation of blood pressure
• B) Filtration of blood to form urine
• C) Regulation of electrolyte balance
• D) All of the above
• Answer: D) All of the above
• Explanation: The kidneys perform multiple functions, including the filtration of blood to form urine, regulation of blood pressure, and maintaining electrolyte balance.

What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

• A) Neuron
• B) Axon
• C) Dendrite
• D) Synapse
• Answer: A) Neuron
• Explanation: The neuron is the basic working unit of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information throughout the body.

Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?

• A) Vitamin A
• B) Vitamin B
• C) Vitamin C
• D) Vitamin K
• Answer: D) Vitamin K
• Explanation: Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of proteins required for blood clotting.

Which plant tissue is responsible for transporting water and nutrients from the roots to other parts of the plant?

• A) Phloem
• B) Xylem
• C) Epidermis
• D) Cortex
• Answer: B) Xylem
• Explanation: Xylem tissue transports water and dissolved nutrients from the roots to other parts of the plant.

What is the term for the process by which green plants make their own food using sunlight?

• A) Respiration
• B) Digestion
• C) Photosynthesis
• D) Transpiration
• Answer: C) Photosynthesis
• Explanation: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.